Emotional intelligence- emotional intelligence vs. IQ in effective Research Paper

Emotional intelligence- emotional intelligence vs. IQ in effective mangers - Research Paper Example As it has always been, academic excellence has always been stressed as an appropriate preparation for an individual to make it life. Emotion on the other hand has been traditionally viewed as a weakness and irrelevant. It has been traditionally thought that emotion has no bearing nor use in professional endeavor and as such, been relegated as inferior to IQ especially in a workplace setting where leadership and management has always been equated with problem solving. This has been the case until EQ was introduced that it is now beginning to change the paradigms about leadership and work efficacy. II. Literature Review The idea of Emotional Intelligence can be first traced on the work of Thorndike (1920) who theorized that intelligence is not only confined to academics but also includes emotional and social component (qtd. in Mandell & Pherwarni, 2003). Later, investigators like Guilford (1967) and H. Eysenck (1995) presented that intelligence is such a multifaceted construct that it is composed of one hundred and twenty varying types of intelligence (qtd. in Lyusin, 2006). In 1971, Shanley, Walker, and Foley (1971) already hypothesized that social intelligence was distinct from academic intelligence, but could not support it with empirical evidence that emotional intelligence is a separate construct. This was later provided by Howard Gardner when he articulated his theory of multiple intelligences categorizing it as intra personal and interpersonal intelligences within within the framework of multiple intelligences (Gardner, 1983). His concept on intrapersonal intelligence or the capacity and competence to understand one’s self and apply it effectively in its relationship to others and in life in general as articulated in his concept on interpersonal intelligence served as the basic building block upon which future theorists built their research on (Carmeli & Josman, 2006). Gardner also proposed that there are eight types of intelligences that includes à ¢â‚¬Å"spatial, musical, intrapersonal, interpersonal, bodily—kinesthetic, naturalistic, and the traditional academic intelligence: linguistic and logical-mathematical. . . Later, Riggio, Murphy and Pirozzolo (2002) propose that these multiple forms of intelligence are possessed by effective leaders and these allow leaders to respond successfully to a range of situations† (Mandel and Pherwani, 2003:388). It was however Peter Salovey and John Mayer who formally developed the term â€Å"emotional intelligence† which landed its model in the field of Psychology that researchers later expaned on. The first version of the model was defined as the as the â€Å"the ability to monitor one’s own and other’s feelings and emotions, to discriminate among them, and to use this information to guide one’s thinking and action† (Salovey and Mayer, 1990 qtd. In Lyusin, 2006: 55). It was interpreted as a complex construct consisting of three types of abili ties; (1) the identification and expression of emotion as; (2) the regulation of emotions; and (3) the application of emotional information to thinking and action (Lyusin, 2006:55). This was later clarified by Mayer and Salovey that emotions contain information on how people or objects could connect at them (Mayer et al., 2001). The ability of connecting these emotions has led Salovey and Mayer to identify the four components of emotional intellig

Identifying Consumers' Trends in Canada Research Paper

Identifying Consumers' Trends in Canada - Research Paper Example This report analyzes and examines the changing behavior of the consumers and how important it is for businesses to analyze the consumer trends. Moreover, the report also analyzes how to identify consumer trends and discusses about consumer trend drivers. The report then discusses about changes in the consumer trends towards the food products and how Canadians have been spending on their households, transportation, food and health care. With the changing environment and market, consumer needs and preferences are also changing and one of the changes in the consumer trend that has occurred is in the recent years is towards mobile phones. With the advancement in technology, there has been an increase in ecommerce and online transaction and this report discusses about the trends of online shopping in Canada and also identifies the barriers that could hurt the growth of ecommerce. 1.1. The Importance Of Identifying Consumer Trends Consumers have a very important role to play as their behav ior, actions, thinking can not only influence the businesses but it could influence the overall society as well (Higham, 2003, pg. 9: 2-3). This is the reason why understanding the consumer behavior and identifying the trends of the consumers is very important for businesses (Higham, 2003, pg. 9: 6-7). Consumers are the ones for which businesses offer goods and services, if they are not willing to buy the products, then there is no reason why businesses should sell the products (Higham, 2003, pg. 9: 8-9). So, understanding the consumer needs and preferences is very important. However it is not an easy task as the consumer preference and taste changes and businesses in order to keep up with the changing consumer preferences and trends come up with new products every now and then (Higham, 2003, pg., 9:12-13). According to Mintel’s New Product Database, twenty thousand new products are introduced every month (Higham, 2003, pg. 10:1). However, introduction of new products is not good enough to meet the changing consumer as businesses have to identify the changes in the consumer trends and offer products accordingly. As it has been found that 83% of the products are not able to meet their marketing objectives (Higham, 2003, pg. 10:5-6) and one of the main reasons for this failure is to not understand the consumer trends and what consumers are willing to buy (Higham, 2003, pg. 10: 8). Therefore it reflects how important it is for businesses to understand and identify the consumer trends and how these trends and preferences would shape up in future in order to make sure that their products are able to match with the consumer needs, preferences and taste (Higham, 2003, pg. 10:15:16). Otherwise, the products would not be able to achieve their objectives. 1.2. The Benefits Of Identifying Consumer Trends Businesses offer goods and services for consumers, if there are no consumers then who will be buying the products and services of the business. Consumer trend has been defined as the changes in the behavior of the consumers in the long run that could create opportunities for businesses (Higham, 2003, pg. 16:15). Therefore marketers need to recognize and identify the consumer trends and it is the most important principle that a marketer needs to understand